Richmond Bread Riot

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 :: Richmond Bread Riot ::
Information about the "Bread Riot" in Richmond, VA during the Civil War.

On April 2, 1863 a group of women congregated and marched on Capitol Square to demand bread. Dismayed at the absence of the Governor, the group became a mob, looting area shops. The riot was dispersed when President Davis arrived with the Public Guard and announced the soldiers would begin firing in five minutes. This event is detailed in the following articles.

Richmond Dispatch 5/1/1862; Miss Minerva Meredith (future bread rioter) has endured a combined verbal assault – her character is attested to by local police; Mayor Mayo referred to as “his royal rotundity”
Richmond Examiner 4/3/1863; list of alleged bread rioters that were arrested are are being examined by the Mayor today
Richmond Examiner 4/4/1863; editorial regarding the recent bread riot
Richmond Examiner 4/4/1863; account of the trials of several of the bread rioters, great details on individual cases, including Mary Jackson and Dr. Thomas M. Palmer, surgeon at the Florida Hospital (GH#11)
Richmond Examiner 4/6/1863; account of the trials of several of the bread rioters, great details on individual cases
Richmond Examiner 4/7/1863; account of the trials of several of the bread rioters, great details on individual cases
Richmond Examiner 4/7/1863; account of the arraignment of Thomas Palmer, Surgeon at the Florida Hospital; J. H. Gilmer and G. W. Randolph are the accused's legal counsel
Richmond Sentinel 4/7/1863; details on the case of Dr. Palmer, arrested for defying the Governor and the Mayor, during the Bread Riot.
Richmond Whig 4/7/1863; extremely interesting details of Dr. Palmer and his arrest during the bread riot. He is arraigned for felony, but sent on for misdemeanor. Excellent testimonial, signed by S. R. Mallory among others, giving important biographical details. Palmer was represented by Geo. W. Randolph and John Gilmer.
Richmond Examiner 4/8/1863; account of the trials of several of the bread rioters, great details on individual cases
Richmond Examiner 4/9/1863; denial by Martha Goode that she is one of the bread rioters - claims someone is using her name
Richmond Examiner 4/9/1863; more cases at the Mayor's Court from the Bread Riot
Richmond Sentinel 4/14/1863; two men arrested during the Bread Riot are charged with felonies - speculation over whether City is liable for damage done during the riot
Richmond Whig 4/14/1863; two bread rioters, Mary Johnson and Virgil Jones, are to be tried for felony
Richmond Sentinel 4/15/1863; another female rioter sent on, charged with a felony
Richmond Whig 4/15/1863; bread rioter Sarah Champion is to be tried for felony
Richmond Sentinel 4/16/1863; 3 people (including Mary Jackson) remanded to be tried for felonies for their roles in the Bread Riot - 1 man acquitted of the same
Richmond Whig 4/17/1863; Three more bread rioters, Benjamin Slemper, Thomas Samanni and Mary Jackson, are to be tried for felony. Another, William Turk, is acquitted.
Richmond Sentinel 4/18/1863; another Bread Rioter sent on for felony
Richmond Whig 4/18/1863; another bread rioter, John Jones, is sent on for felony – he for breaking into John T. Hicks’ shoe store
Richmond Whig 4/20/1863; Ann Thomas gets $50 & three months jail for keeping ill-governed and disorderly house; Wm. Sullivan, charged with breaking into store and stealing $10,000 worth of goods (bread rioter?) is remanded for trial
Richmond Sentinel 4/24/1863; Mary Jackson and Mary Johnson, Bread Rioters, seek bail
Richmond Sentinel 4/29/1863; two more rioters charged with felonies
Richmond Dispatch 5/2/1863; Mary Duke has been charged with being involved in the Bread Riot
Richmond Dispatch 5/4/1863; Frances Kelley sent on to trial for being engaged in the bread riot
Richmond Whig 5/4/1863; Francis Kelly, bread rioter, is sent on by the Mayor “to a higher tribunal”
Richmond Whig 5/4/1863; two rioters fined and jailed in Circuit Court: Wm. J. Lusk and Ann Bell.
Richmond Sentinel 5/6/1863; more riot cases, including Dr. Thos. Palmer
Richmond Whig 5/6/1863; details on the case of Dr. Palmer – lawyer moved to quash the indictment. Judge will rule “this morning.” Barbara Idle, indicted for engaging the riot, is found not guilty and discharge.
Richmond Whig 5/7/1863; Dr. Palmer’s indictment is “quashed,” and he is not prosecuted; Laura Gordon, another bread rioter, is found guilty, fined, and sentenced to thirty days in jail. She then “fell into hysterics,” takes “a large quantity of laudanum” and is in critical condition
Richmond Dispatch 5/8/1863; description of the trials of several bread rioters, including Thomas Palmer, surgeon at the Florida Hospital (GH#11)
Richmond Whig 5/8/1863; Minerva Meredith, bread rioter, found guilty, fined $100 and sentenced to jail for six months
Richmond Sentinel 5/9/1863; more riot cases - Thomas Palmer discharged
Richmond Whig 5/9/1863; Martha Burnett, bread rioter, is found guilty, fined $30 and imprisoned for 30 days. Sarah Mitchell (rioter?) gets same sentence.
Richmond Sentinel 7/17/1863; Mary Jackson, ringleader of the Bread Riot, is to be tried with misdemeanor
Richmond Whig 1/16/1864; description of pardons handed out by Governor Smith, including several participants in the bread riot
Richmond Dispatch 12/16/1888; "Our Richmond Mobs;" details on the Bread Riot, the evacuation mob, and others
Richmond Dispatch 12/30/1888; wonderful accounts of the Bread Riot in Richmond- focuses on the question of whether President Davis helped quell the mob; testimony from Letcher and others
Richmond Dispatch 1/20/1889; more on the Bread Riot, again focusing on the roles President Davis and Governor Letcher played in quelling the riot

Kimball, William J. "The Bread Riot in Richmond." Civil War History 7 (Sept. 1961), pp. 149-154.

Chesson, Michael. "Harlots or Heroines?: A New Look at the Richmond Bread Riot," Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 92 (April 1984): 131-75.

Page last updated on 12/08/2008